注释注释......《高效学习合集》摘录

管理类 日期 2023-06-27
robust!

To store iformatio better, you eed to be aware of how you forget. Here are the mai possible causes of forgettig:

·Trace decay. This occurs whe memories get old, or ew kowledge overwrites the old data. Refresh importat iformatio o a schedule so it does't get lost!

·Iterferece. This happes whe a ew memory blocks a old oe (e.g. you ca't remember the Spaish word for water aymore because you leared the Frech oe.) Alteratively, it ca happe whe old memories make learig somethig ew harder.

How ca you store your memories better?

·Get eough sleep! Short aps ca recover eergy. Loger aps (60+ miutes) ca eter the phase of sleep where memory cosolidatio happes. Edig your aps o a full sleep cycle ca prevet groggiess. Of course, gettig eough sleep at ight is essetial!

·Space out your practice. Doe properly, you ca get the same memory stregth with 20-30% less time by spacig properly.

Fially, you eed to retrieve the memories i the situatios that eed them. How ca you do this?robust!

To store iformatio better, you eed to be aware of how you forget. Here are the mai possible causes of forgettig:

·Trace decay. This occurs whe memories get old, or ew kowledge overwrites the old data. Refresh importat iformatio o a schedule so it does't get lost!

·Iterferece. This happes whe a ew memory blocks a old oe (e.g. you ca't remember the Spaish word for water aymore because you leared the Frech oe.) Alteratively, it ca happe whe old memories make learig somethig ew harder.

How ca you store your memories better?

·Get eough sleep! Short aps ca recover eergy. Loger aps (60+ miutes) ca eter the phase of sleep where memory cosolidatio happes. Edig your aps o a full sleep cycle ca prevet groggiess. Of course, gettig eough sleep at ight is essetial!

·Space out your practice. Doe properly, you ca get the same memory stregth with 20-30% less time by spacig properly.

Fially, you eed to retrieve the memories i the situatios that eed them. How ca you do this?·More coectios help. Memories are likely accessed by spreadig activatio, so if you thik of related items, that ca help you retrieve somethig difficult.

·Pla ahead ad visualize the cotext you'll eed to retrieve somethig i whe you study.

·Practice testig is the sigle most-effective techique you ca use! Practice recall, ot just recogitio. Harder recall creates stroger memories.·More coectios help. Memories are likely accessed by spreadig activatio, so if you thik of related items, that ca help you retrieve somethig difficult.

·Pla ahead ad visualize the cotext you'll eed to retrieve somethig i whe you study.

·Practice testig is the sigle most-effective techique you ca use! Practice recall, ot just recogitio. Harder recall creates stroger memories.注释

[1] Madler, G. (1967). Orgaizatio ad memory. I K. W. Spece & J. T. Spece (Eds.), The psychology of learig ad motivatio: Advaces i research ad theory. (Vol. 1, pp. 328–372). New York: Academic Press.

[2] Baddeley, A. D. (2015). Memory (2d ed.).

[3] Bower, G. H., Clark, M. C., Lesgold, A. M., & Wizez, D. (1969). Hierarchical retrieval schemes i recall of categorised word lists. Joural of Verbal Learig ad Verbal Behavior, 8, 323–343.

[4] Bisra, K., Liu, Q., & Nesbit, J. C. (2018). Iducig Self-Explaatio : a Meta-Aalysis. Educatioal Psychology Review, (Siegler 2002).

[5] Mueller, P. A., & Oppeheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pe Is Mightier Tha the Keyboard : Advatages of Loghad Over Laptop Note Takig.

[6] Jacoby, L. L. (1983). Rememberig the data: Aalyzig iteractive processes i readig. Joural of Verbal Learig & Verbal Behavior, 22(5), 485-508.注释

[1] Madler, G. (1967). Orgaizatio ad memory. I K. W. Spece & J. T. Spece (Eds.), The psychology of learig ad motivatio: Advaces i research ad theory. (Vol. 1, pp. 328–372). New York: Academic Press.

[2] Baddeley, A. D. (2015). Memory (2d ed.).

[3] Bower, G. H., Clark, M. C., Lesgold, A. M., & Wizez, D. (1969). Hierarchical retrieval schemes i recall of categorised word lists. Joural of Verbal Learig ad Verbal Behavior, 8, 323–343.

[4] Bisra, K., Liu, Q., & Nesbit, J. C. (2018). Iducig Self-Explaatio : a Meta-Aalysis. Educatioal Psychology Review, (Siegler 2002).

[5] Mueller, P. A., & Oppeheimer, D. M. (2014). The Pe Is Mightier Tha the Keyboard : Advatages of Loghad Over Laptop Note Takig.

[6] Jacoby, L. L. (1983). Rememberig the data: Aalyzig iteractive processes i readig. Joural of Verbal Learig & Verbal Behavior, 22(5), 485-508.[7] McCrudde, Matthew T. “Do Specific Relevace Istructios Promote Appropriate Trasfer Processig?” Spriger Sciece & Busiess Media 4 Nov. 2010: 865-79. Web.

[8] Goodwi, D. W., Powell, B., Bremer, D., Hoie, H., & Ster, J. (1969). Alcohol ad recall: State- depedet effects i ma. Sciece, 163(3873), 1358–1360.

[9] Swaso, J.M., Kisboure, M., (1976). Stimulat-related state-depedet learig i hyperactive childre, Sciece, 192(4246), 1354–1357.

[10] Keleme, W. L., & Creeley, C. E. (2003). State-depedet memory effects usig caffeie ad placebo do ot exted to metamemory. The Joural of Geeral Psychology, 130(1), 70–86.

[11] H. Rickles, W., J. Cohe, M., A. Whitaker, C., & E. McItyre, K. (1973). Marijuaa iduced state-depedet verbal learig. Psychopharmacologia, 30, 349–354.

[12] Swaso, J.M., Kisboure, M., (1976). Stimulat-related state-depedet learig i hyperactive childre, Sciece, 192(4246), 1354–1357.

[13] Carter, S. J. ad Cassaday, H. J. (1998), State‐depedet retrieval ad chlorpheiramie. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Cli. Exp., 13: 513-523.[7] McCrudde, Matthew T. “Do Specific Relevace Istructios Promote Appropriate Trasfer Processig?” Spriger Sciece & Busiess Media 4 Nov. 2010: 865-79. Web.

[8] Goodwi, D. W., Powell, B., Bremer, D., Hoie, H., & Ster, J. (1969). Alcohol ad recall: State- depedet effects i ma. Sciece, 163(3873), 1358–1360.

[9] Swaso, J.M., Kisboure, M., (1976). Stimulat-related state-depedet learig i hyperactive childre, Sciece, 192(4246), 1354–1357.

[10] Keleme, W. L., & Creeley, C. E. (2003). State-depedet memory effects usig caffeie ad placebo do ot exted to metamemory. The Joural of Geeral Psychology, 130(1), 70–86.

[11] H. Rickles, W., J. Cohe, M., A. Whitaker, C., & E. McItyre, K. (1973). Marijuaa iduced state-depedet verbal learig. Psychopharmacologia, 30, 349–354.

[12] Swaso, J.M., Kisboure, M., (1976). Stimulat-related state-depedet learig i hyperactive childre, Sciece, 192(4246), 1354–1357.

[13] Carter, S. J. ad Cassaday, H. J. (1998), State‐depedet retrieval ad chlorpheiramie. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Cli. Exp., 13: 513-523.[14] Nelso, T., McSpadde, M., Fromme, K., & Marlatt, G. (1986). Effects of Alcohol Itoxicatio o Metamemory ad o Retrieval from Log-Term Memory. Joural of Experimetal Psychology, 115(3), 247-254.

[15] Eich, E., Macaulay, D., & Rya, L. (1994). Mood depedet memory for evets of the persoal past. Joural of Experimetal Psychology: Geeral, 123(2), 201–215.

[16] Miles, C., & Hardma, E. (1998). State-depedet memory produced by aerobic exercise. Ergoomics, 41(1), 20–28.

[17] Smith, S.M. (1984). A Compariso of two techiques for reducig cotext-depedet forgettig.

[18] Fraklad, P. W., Köhler, S., & Jossely, S. A. (2013). Hippocampal eurogeesis ad forget- tig. Treds i Neuroscieces, 36, 497–503.

[19] Peigeux, P., Laureys, S., Delbeuck, X., & Maquet, P. (2016). Learig brai. The role of sleep for memory systems. Neuroreport, (May).

[20] Tilley, A. J. (1981). Retetio over a period of REM or o-REM sleep. British Joural of Psychology, 241–248.

[21] Drummod, S. P. A., Brow, G. G., & Gilli, J. C. (2000). Altered brai respose to verbal learig followig sleep deprivatio. [14] Nelso, T., McSpadde, M., Fromme, K., & Marlatt, G. (1986). Effects of Alcohol Itoxicatio o Metamemory ad o Retrieval from Log-Term Memory. Joural of Experimetal Psychology, 115(3), 247-254.

[15] Eich, E., Macaulay, D., & Rya, L. (1994). Mood depedet memory for evets of the persoal past. Joural of Experimetal Psychology: Geeral, 123(2), 201–215.

[16] Miles, C., & Hardma, E. (1998). State-depedet memory produced by aerobic exercise. Ergoomics, 41(1), 20–28.

[17] Smith, S.M. (1984). A Compariso of two techiques for reducig cotext-depedet forgettig.

[18] Fraklad, P. W., Köhler, S., & Jossely, S. A. (2013). Hippocampal eurogeesis ad forget- tig. Treds i Neuroscieces, 36, 497–503.

[19] Peigeux, P., Laureys, S., Delbeuck, X., & Maquet, P. (2016). Learig brai. The role of sleep for memory systems. Neuroreport, (May).

[20] Tilley, A. J. (1981). Retetio over a period of REM or o-REM sleep. British Joural of Psychology, 241–248.

[21] Drummod, S. P. A., Brow, G. G., & Gilli, J. C. (2000). Altered brai respose to verbal learig followig sleep deprivatio.

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